The World, the Universe and Us · New Scientist

First skull of mysterious human ancestor; Decoding whale language; Heatwaves 20x more likely to happen

June 20, 2025·36 min·3 clips

Scientists unveil the first skull of the mysterious Denisovans, transforming our understanding of ancient human ancestors.

This episode of The World, the Universe and Us covers the discovery of the first Denisovan skull alongside other science news. Hosts analyze this major paleoanthropological find and its implications for understanding human evolution. They also discuss current record heatwaves and feature an interview with Dr. Rachel Clark about her prize-winning book on organ transplantation. The hosts detail the 2010 discovery of the Denisovans from DNA in a finger bone found in Siberia's Denisova Cave. They explain that this DNA was distinct from both modern humans and Neanderthals, confirming a new type of ancient human. Until now, the only known physical remains were that finger bone fragment and a partial jawbone. The episode emphasizes the significance of finally obtaining a skull from this mysterious species. The conversation contrasts this with past assumptions of a simple, direct human lineage from a common ancestor with chimpanzees. The show also includes an analysis of contemporary extreme heat events affecting many regions. Dr. Rachel Clark discusses organ transplantation, which she describes as a medical miracle, following her win of the Women's Prize for Nonfiction. A key insight is that Denisovans were identified purely from genetic material for over a decade before any substantial fossil evidence like a skull was found. The hosts express genuine excitement, noting they didn't realize this news was about to be published. They find it remarkable that an entire human relative was defined for so long by just a single finger bone. The discussion underscores how modern genetics has radically complicated the previous linear model of human ancestry. The analysis of current heatwaves connects ancient climate history to present-day environmental challenges. Dr. Clark's segment highlights the advanced science and personal stories behind life-saving transplant procedures. The tone is conversational and enthusiastic, particularly when discussing the new fossil discovery. The style is educational, breaking down complex scientific topics for a general audience. Listeners interested in archaeology, human origins, and breaking science news would love this episode. Those seeking a deep, singular narrative or purely political commentary might skip it.

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